It can result from various psychological or physical situations such as visual or auditory distractions, physical discomfort, inadequate volume, lack of interest in the subject material, stress, or personal bias. Both listeners and speakers should be aware of these kinds of impediments and work to eliminate or mitigate them.
Normally, this happens within the span of a few seconds. Often, it is easier for listeners to stop listening when they do not understand. Therefore, a speaker needs to know which parts of a speech may be more comprehension intensive than others, and adjust his or her speed, vocabulary, and sentence structure accordingly. Just as lack of attention to detail in a conversation can lead to ineffective listening, so can focusing too much attention on the least important information.
Listeners need to be able to pick up on social cues and prioritize the information they hear to identify the most important points within the context of the conversation. Often, the information the audience needs to know is delivered along with less pertinent or irrelevant information. When listeners give equal weight to everything they hear, it makes it difficult to organize and retain the information they need.
For instance, students who take notes in class must know which information to writing down within the context of an entire lecture. Writing down the lecture word for word is impossible as well as inefficient. This psychological process has a detrimental effect on listening for several reasons. First, confirmation bias tends to cause listeners to enter the conversation before the speaker finishes her message and, thus, form opinions without first obtaining all pertinent information.
For example, a listener may hear something at the beginning of a speech that arouses a specific emotion. When observing an event in person, an observer is automatically drawn toward the sensational, vivid or memorable aspects of a conversation or speech. In the case of listening, distracting or larger-than-life elements in a speech or presentation can deflect attention away from the most important information in the conversation or presentation.
For example, if a Shakespearean professor delivered an entire lecture in an exaggerated Elizabethan accent, the class would likely not take the professor seriously, regardless of the actual academic merit of the lecture. Privacy Policy. Skip to main content. Search for:. Understanding Listening. The Importance of Listening Listening is an active process by which we make sense of, assess, and respond to what we hear. Learning Objectives Define active listening and list the five stages of the listening process.
Critical thinking clarifies goals , examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence , accomplishes actions, and assesses conclusions. Critical thinking has many practical applications, such as formulating a workable solution to a complex personal problem, deliberating in a group setting about what course of action to take, or analyzing the assumptions and methods used in arriving at a scientific hypothesis.
People use critical thinking to solve complex math problems or compare prices at the grocery store. It is a process that informs all aspects of one's daily life, not just the time spent taking a class or writing an essay.
Critical thinking occurs whenever people figure out what to believe or what to do, and do so in a reasonable, reflective way. The concepts and principles of critical thinking can be applied to any context or case, but only by reflecting upon the nature of that application.
Expressed in most general terms, critical thinking is "a way of taking up the problems of life. Critical thinking skills include observation, interpretation, analysis, inference, evaluation, explanation, and metacognition.
Therefore, critical thinkers must engage in highly active listening to further their critical thinking skills. In order to help someone, we must first understand the problem from his or her point of view. That means it goes beyond active listening and deep into the zone of non-judging and empathy. Empathy refers to emotionally connecting with another person through identification, compassion, understanding, feeling, and insight.
Empathic listening is a structured listening and questioning technique that allows you to develop and enhance relationships with a stronger understanding of what is being conveyed, both intellectually and emotionally. As such, it takes active listening techniques to a new level. Listeners are of four types, namely, active listeners, passive listeners, non-listeners and evaluative listeners.
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